// Dependency-free .xlsx writer. An .xlsx is just a ZIP of XML parts, so we
// build the parts by hand and pack them with STORE (no compression) — that
// keeps us from needing a deflate implementation while still producing a file
// Excel opens natively, with no "format and extension don't match" warning.
type Cell = string | number | null | undefined;
/* --------------------------------- ZIP ---------------------------------- */
const CRC_TABLE = (() => {
const table = new Uint32Array(256);
for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
let c = i;
for (let k = 0; k < 8; k++) c = c & 1 ? 0xedb88320 ^ (c >>> 1) : c >>> 1;
table[i] = c >>> 0;
}
return table;
})();
function crc32(bytes: Uint8Array): number {
let c = 0xffffffff;
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
c = CRC_TABLE[(c ^ bytes[i]) & 0xff] ^ (c >>> 8);
}
return (c ^ 0xffffffff) >>> 0;
}
interface ZipEntry {
name: string;
data: Uint8Array;
crc: number;
offset: number;
}
// Builds a ZIP archive with stored (uncompressed) entries. Fixed DOS timestamp
// so repeated exports of the same data are byte-identical.
function zip(files: { name: string; content: string }[]): Blob {
const encoder = new TextEncoder();
const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
const entries: ZipEntry[] = [];
let offset = 0;
const DOS_TIME = 0; // 00:00:00
const DOS_DATE = (2020 - 1980) << 9 | (1 << 5) | 1; // 2020-01-01
function push(bytes: Uint8Array) {
chunks.push(bytes);
offset += bytes.length;
}
function header(size: number) {
const buf = new ArrayBuffer(size);
return { view: new DataView(buf), bytes: new Uint8Array(buf) };
}
for (const file of files) {
const nameBytes = encoder.encode(file.name);
const data = encoder.encode(file.content);
const crc = crc32(data);
const local = header(30 + nameBytes.length);
local.view.setUint32(0, 0x04034b50, true); // local file header signature
local.view.setUint16(4, 20, true); // version needed
local.view.setUint16(6, 0x0800, true); // flags: UTF-8 names
local.view.setUint16(8, 0, true); // method: stored
local.view.setUint16(10, DOS_TIME, true);
local.view.setUint16(12, DOS_DATE, true);
local.view.setUint32(14, crc, true);
local.view.setUint32(18, data.length, true); // compressed size
local.view.setUint32(22, data.length, true); // uncompressed size
local.view.setUint16(26, nameBytes.length, true);
local.view.setUint16(28, 0, true); // extra field length
local.bytes.set(nameBytes, 30);
entries.push({ name: file.name, data, crc, offset });
push(local.bytes);
push(data);
}
const centralStart = offset;
for (const entry of entries) {
const nameBytes = encoder.encode(entry.name);
const central = header(46 + nameBytes.length);
central.view.setUint32(0, 0x02014b50, true); // central directory signature
central.view.setUint16(4, 20, true); // version made by
central.view.setUint16(6, 20, true); // version needed
central.view.setUint16(8, 0x0800, true); // flags: UTF-8 names
central.view.setUint16(10, 0, true); // method: stored
central.view.setUint16(12, DOS_TIME, true);
central.view.setUint16(14, DOS_DATE, true);
central.view.setUint32(16, entry.crc, true);
central.view.setUint32(20, entry.data.length, true);
central.view.setUint32(24, entry.data.length, true);
central.view.setUint16(28, nameBytes.length, true);
central.view.setUint16(30, 0, true); // extra
central.view.setUint16(32, 0, true); // comment
central.view.setUint16(34, 0, true); // disk number
central.view.setUint16(36, 0, true); // internal attrs
central.view.setUint32(38, 0, true); // external attrs
central.view.setUint32(42, entry.offset, true);
central.bytes.set(nameBytes, 46);
push(central.bytes);
}
const end = header(22);
end.view.setUint32(0, 0x06054b50, true); // end of central directory
end.view.setUint16(8, entries.length, true);
end.view.setUint16(10, entries.length, true);
end.view.setUint32(12, offset - centralStart, true);
end.view.setUint32(16, centralStart, true);
push(end.bytes);
return new Blob(chunks as BlobPart[], {
type: "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
});
}
/* --------------------------------- XML ---------------------------------- */
// Built via RegExp so the source file stays free of literal control bytes.
const CONTROL_CHARS = new RegExp(
"[\\u0000-\\u0008\\u000B\\u000C\\u000E-\\u001F]",
"g",
);
function escapeXml(value: string): string {
return value
.replace(/&/g, "&")
.replace(//g, ">")
.replace(/"/g, """)
// Control characters are illegal in XML 1.0 and make Excel reject the file.
.replace(CONTROL_CHARS, "");
}
// 0 -> A, 25 -> Z, 26 -> AA ...
function columnName(index: number): string {
let name = "";
let n = index;
while (n >= 0) {
name = String.fromCharCode(65 + (n % 26)) + name;
n = Math.floor(n / 26) - 1;
}
return name;
}
function cellXml(ref: string, value: Cell, style: number): string {
if (value === null || value === undefined || value === "") {
return ``;
}
if (typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value)) {
return `${value}`;
}
// Inline strings keep us from having to build a sharedStrings part.
return `${escapeXml(
String(value),
)}`;
}
function sheetXml(headers: string[], rows: Cell[][]): string {
const width = Math.max(headers.length, ...rows.map((r) => r.length), 1);
const cols =
`` +
Array.from(
{ length: width },
(_, i) => ``,
).join("") +
``;
const lines: string[] = [];
lines.push(
`${headers
.map((h, i) => cellXml(`${columnName(i)}1`, h, 1))
.join("")}
`,
);
rows.forEach((row, r) => {
const n = r + 2;
lines.push(
`${row
.map((cell, i) => cellXml(`${columnName(i)}${n}`, cell, 0))
.join("")}
`,
);
});
return (
`` +
`` +
// rightToLeft so the sheet opens in RTL orientation, and a frozen header row.
`` +
`` +
`` +
cols +
`${lines.join("")}` +
`` +
``
);
}
// Two cell formats: 0 = body, 1 = bold header on a grey fill.
const STYLES_XML =
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
``;
/* -------------------------------- Public -------------------------------- */
export function exportToExcel(
filename: string,
headers: string[],
rows: Cell[][],
sheetName = "Sheet1",
) {
const safeSheet = escapeXml(sheetName.replace(/[[\]:*?/\\]/g, "").slice(0, 31)) || "Sheet1";
const blob = zip([
{
name: "[Content_Types].xml",
content:
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
``,
},
{
name: "_rels/.rels",
content:
`` +
`` +
`` +
``,
},
{
name: "xl/workbook.xml",
content:
`` +
`` +
``,
},
{
name: "xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels",
content:
`` +
`` +
`` +
`` +
``,
},
{ name: "xl/styles.xml", content: STYLES_XML },
{ name: "xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml", content: sheetXml(headers, rows) },
]);
const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const link = document.createElement("a");
link.href = url;
link.download = filename.endsWith(".xlsx") ? filename : `${filename}.xlsx`;
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
document.body.removeChild(link);
URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
// Runs `worker` over `items` with a bounded number of in-flight promises so a
// few thousand rows don't open a few thousand sockets at once.
export async function mapWithConcurrency(
items: T[],
limit: number,
worker: (item: T, index: number) => Promise,
onProgress?: (done: number, total: number) => void,
): Promise {
const results = new Array(items.length);
let cursor = 0;
let done = 0;
async function run() {
while (cursor < items.length) {
const index = cursor++;
results[index] = await worker(items[index], index);
done++;
onProgress?.(done, items.length);
}
}
await Promise.all(
Array.from({ length: Math.min(limit, items.length) }, run),
);
return results;
}